Unam Sanctam (the one holy, i.e. Church) is the name of the famous papal bull published Nov. 18, 1302, so called from its first two words. In this the memorable statement occurs," We declare, define, and pronounce that subjection to the Roman pontiff is for every human being altogether of necessity for salvation. It also affirms that there are two swords, a spiritual and material- the one to be employed by the Church, and the other of the Church under the direction of its head and that to deny the subservience of the latter to the former is to maintain the doctrine of two principles, and to fall into the heresy of the Manichseals. See Trench, Medieval Church Hist. p. 282.
The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature was edited by John McClintock and James Strong. It contains nearly 50,000 articles pertaining to Biblical and other religious literature, people, creeds, etc. It is a fantastic research tool for broad Christian study.
John McClintock was born October 27, 1814 in Philadelphia to Irish immigrants, John and Martha McClintock. He began as a clerk in his father's store, and then became a bookkeeper in the Methodist Book Concern in New York. Here he converted to Methodism and considered joining the ministry. McClintock entered the University of Pennsylvania in 1832 and graduated with high honors three years later. Subsequently, he was awarded a doctorate of divinity degree from the same institution in 1848.WikipediaRead More