Bethlehem was the ancestral home of David and the House of David.
Micah 5:2 is referring to the fact that the origins of the Messianic ruler were ancient, and indeed they were ancient, over 1000 years before Jesus was born. Bethlehem is the home of Jesus' forefather King David and Micah is alluding to the fact that the promised Messiah would be a son of David.