Die vorliegende Auswahl und Ubersetzung des Dichters Matthias Claudius vermittelt seinem Publikum um und nach 1800 die Texte eines intimen Kenners der Abgrunde und Verirrungen der menschlichen Seele. Die Textauswahl reprasentiert eine uberkonfessionelle Frommigkeitskultur, die sich auf die erste Theologie der Bibel und der fruhen Kirchenvater stutzt. Fenelon (1651-1715) hat in seinen religiosen Schriften und Briefen versucht, die neuen Wege der Mystik mit dem kirchlichen Auftrag zur vollstandigen Bekehrung des Herzens zu verbinden. Es geht ihm darum, das mystische Gebet als Ubergang von der Meditation zur Kontemplation, d.h. als stufenweisen Aufstieg von der interessierten zur desinteressierten Liebe, mit den Regeln der Moral und den Dogmen der Kirche vereinbar zu machen. In seinem Werk durchdringen sich platonische und quietistische Stromungen mit Elementen der christlichen Gnosis und des Cartesianismus. In den spirituellen Briefen erreicht Fenelon eine Unmittelbarkeit der Mitteilung und eine stilistische Meisterschaft, die auf das Zeitalter Rousseaus und auf die religiosen Erweckungsbewegungen der folgenden Jahrhunderte nachwirken. Fenelon wird neben Jakob Bohme zu einer wichtigen Referenz der neuen religiosen Vibrationen nach dem Pantheismus- und Atheismusstreit. Herder, Jacobi und Clemens von Brentano haben in hochsten Tonen von Fenelon gesprochen. Die reine Liebe ist das Echo des Menschen auf die unendliche Liebe Gottes, eine permanente Einubung, eine desinteressierte Zuwendung zu Gott, eine stufenweise Reinigung von der Befangenheit in Eigeninteressen. Im Zentrum stehen nicht das Gluck, nicht einmal das Heil des Individuums, sondern die Handlungen aus Liebe, zum Ruhm und zur Ehre Gottes. Gott ist souveran und kann mit uns machen, was er will - wir haben keine Rechte gegenuber Gott. Im Eifer der Verteidigung der Liebe der Heiligen geht Fenelon an die Grenzen der Haresie. Bei aller Radikalitat der Askese und der spontanen Gottesliebe schaltet er den kritischen Geist nicht aus, der jene tadelt, die glauben, schon heilig zu sein, nur weil sie sich von der Welt zuruckgezogen haben. 'Man will wohl die Welt vergessen, aber nicht von ihr vergessen sein.'
Francois Fenelon (1651 - 1715)
He was inducted into the Acadmie Francaise in 1693 and named Archbishop of Cambrai in 1695. During his time as the educator and teacher of the Duke, Fenelon wrote several entertaining and educational works, including the extensive novel Les Aventures de Telemaque, fils d'Ulysse (The Adventures of Telemachus, son of Ulysses), which depicted the ideal of a wise king. When this novel began circulating anonymously among the court, having been fragmentarily published in 1699 without his knowledge, Louis XIV, who saw many criticisms of his absolutistic style of rule in Telemaque, stopped the printing and banned Fenelon from court. Fenelon then retreated to his bishopric in Cambrai, where he remained active writing theological and political treatises until his death on January 17, 1715.In Church history, Fenelon is known especially for his part in the Quietism debate with his earlier patron Bossuet. In his work Explication des maximes des Saints sur la vie interieure (Explanation of the Adages of the Saints on the Inner Life) in 1697, he defended Madame du Guyon, the main representative of Quietistic mysticism. He provided proof that her "heretical" teachings could also be seen in recognized saints. In 1697, Fenelon called on the pope for a decision in the Quietism debate. After long advisement, the Pope banned the Explication in 1699. Fenelon complied with the pope's decision immediately and allowed the remaining copies of his book to be destroyed.
Francois de Salignac de la Mothe-Fenelon, more commonly known as Francois Fenelon, was a French Roman Catholic theologian, poet and writer. He today is remembered mostly as one of the main advocates of quietism and as the author of The Adventures of Telemachus, a scabrous attack on the French monarchy, first published in 1699.
Francois Fenelon (specifically Francois de Salignac de la Motte-Fenelon) was born on August 6, 1651, at Fenelon Castle in Perigord. Fenelon studied at the seminary Saint-Sulpice in Paris, where he was ordained as a priest. Fenelon published his pedagogical work Traite de l'education des filles (Treatise on the Education of Girls) in 1681, which brought him much attention, not only in France, but abroad as well. At this time, he met Jacques Benigne Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux, who soon became his patron and through whose influence Fenelon was contracted by Louis XIV to carry out the re-conversion of the Hugenots in the provinces of Saintonge and Poitou in 1686 and was appointed in 1689 as educator of his grandson and potential successor, the Duc de Bourgogne. Because of this position, he gained much influence at the court.
He was inducted into the Academie Francaise in 1693 and named Archbishop of Cambrai in 1695. During his time as the educator and teacher of the Duke, Fenelon wrote several entertaining and educational works, including the extensive novel Les Aventures de Telemaque, fils d'Ulysse (The Adventures of Telemachus, son of Ulysses), which depicted the ideal of a wise king. When this novel began circulating anonymously among the court, having been fragmentarily published in 1699 without his knowledge, Louis XIV, who saw many criticisms of his absolutistic style of rule in Telemaque, stopped the printing and banned Fenelon from court. Fenelon then retreated to his bishopric in Cambrai, where he remained active writing theological and political treatises until his death on January 17, 1715.
In Church history, Fenelon is known especially for his part in the Quietism debate with his earlier patron Bossuet. In his work Explication des maximes des Saints sur la vie interieure (Explanation of the Adages of the Saints on the Inner Life) in 1697, he defended Madame du Guyon, the main representative of Quietistic mysticism. He provided proof that her "heretical" teachings could also be seen in recognized saints. In 1697, Fenelon called on the pope for a decision in the Quietism debate. After long advisement, the Pope banned the Explication in 1699. Fenelon complied with the pope's decision immediately and allowed the remaining copies of his book to be destroyed.
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