The PREFACE:
THIS book contains biographical sketches of contemporary divines, celebrated preachers, Christian workers, theological professors, church dignitaries, and editors of prominent religious periodicals. It is intended as a supplement to the "Religious Encyclopedia" published in 1884, in three volumes. The German Encyclopedia of Herzog excludes living authors.
The value of such a book depends on the extent of its authentic information. In this respect we have been highly favored. When the senior editor resolved, somewhat reluctantly, to undertake the delicate task, he issued a circular letter to distinguished divines of Europe and America, requesting them to furnish for publication exact facts and dates concerning their birth, their education, titles, offices, publications, and other noteworthy incidents. To his great encouragement he received prompt and full replies from nearly all, and takes great pleasure in expressing to them publicly his sincere thanks for their kindness.
The information thus obtained is presented without note or comment. Where the gentlemen chose to indicate their theological standpoint in a distinctive way, it is given in their own words; if not, it is left to be inferred from their reputation and works.
To secure still greater exactness, proof was sent for revision to each living person named; and their corrections and additions have been inserted as far as possible.
Additional information and corrections received too late for insertion in the proper place have been printed in the appendix.
When no response was received to the circular, the dates and facts desired were derived from the best attainable sources, chiefly the following: HoltzmannHoltzmann and Zopffel's Lexikon fur Theologie und KirchenwesenZopffel's Lexikon fur Theologie und Kirchenwesen, for German Protestants; Schapler's Handlexicon der Katholischen TheologieHandlexicon der Katholischen Theologie, for German Roman-Catholics; the thirteenth volume of Lichtenberger's Encyclopedie des sciences religieuses, for French authors; Crockford's Clerical DirectoryClerical Directory, and the latest (eleventh) edition of the Men of the Times, for English authors and church dignitaries; denominational cyclopaedias, - Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, etc., - manuals, year-books, and catalogues of colleges and theological seminaries, for Americans. The articles thus compiled are marked by a star.
Besides living celebrities, the volume includes notices of divines who have died since the completion of the Religious EncyclopediaReligious Encyclopedia (1884), and a few - others who were inadvertently omitted.
Simultaneously with this Supplement will be published a new and revised edition of the Religious EncyclopediaReligious Encyclopedia, which will embody the corrections made by the authors of the several articles, as well as the editors. Copies were sent to foreign contributors with the request to correct the translation of their articles, and to bring them down to the latest date, which was done.
As to the distribution of labor, the senior editor has procured the material, and written biographical sketches of departed friends (as Drs. Ezra Abbot, Dorner, Lange, Prime, Thiersch), besides aiding in the final revision; while the junior editor has prepared the material for the press, and devoted himself to the work for nearly two years.
The editors have aimed at the greatest possible accuracy and completeness, as well as strict impartiality, in the desire to make a useful and reliable book of reference for readers of all denominations and theological schools.
On his journey he stayed in England and met Edward Pusey and other Tractarians. His inaugural address on The Principle of Protestantism, delivered in German at Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1844, and published in German with an English version by John Williamson Nevin was a pioneer work in English in the field of symbolics (that is, the authoritative ecclesiastical formulations of religious doctrines in creeds or confessions). This address and the "Mercersburg Theology" which he taught seemed too pro-Catholic to some, and he was charged with heresy. But, at the synod at York in 1845, he was unanimously acquitted.
Schaff's broad views strongly influenced the German Reformed Church, through his teaching at Mercersburg, through his championship of English in German Reformed churches and schools in America, through his hymnal (1859), through his labours as chairman of the committee which prepared a new liturgy, and by his edition (1863) of the Heidelberg Catechism. His History of the Apostolic Church (in German, 1851; in English, 1853) and his History of the Christian Church (7 vols., 1858-1890), opened a new period in American study of ecclesiastical history.
In 1854, he visited Europe, representing the American German churches at the ecclesiastical diet at Frankfort and at the Swiss pastoral conference at Basel. He lectured in Germany on America, and received the degree of D.D. from Berlin.
In consequence of the ravages of the American Civil War the theological seminary at Mercersburg was closed for a while and so in 1863 Dr. Schaff became secretary of the Sabbath Committee (which fought the “continental Sunday”) in New York City, and held the position till 1870. In 1865 he founded the first German Sunday School in Stuttgart. In 1862-1867 he lectured on church history at Andover.
Schaff was a member of the Leipzig Historical Society, the Netherland Historical Society, and other historical and literary societies in Europe and America. He was one of the founders, and honorary secretary, of the American branch of the Evangelical Alliance, and was sent to Europe in 1869, 1872, and 1873 to arrange for the general conference of the Alliance, which, after two postponements on account of the Franco-Prussian War, was held in New York in October 1873. Schaff was also, in 1871, one of the Alliance delegates to the emperor of Russia to plead for the religious liberty of his subjects in the Baltic provinces.
He became a professor at Union Theological Seminary, New York City in 1870 holding first the chair of theological encyclopedia and Christian symbolism till 1873, of Hebrew and the cognate languages till 1874, of sacred literature till 1887, and finally of church history, till his death. He also served as president of the committee that translated the American Standard Version of the Bible, though he died before it was published in 1901.
His History of the Christian Church resembled Neander's work, though less biographical, and was pictorial rather than philosophical. He also wrote biographies, catechisms and hymnals for children, manuals of religious verse, lectures and essays on Dante, etc. He translated Johann Jakob Herzog's Real-Encyklopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche into English.
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