Cette œuvre, la plus importante de Thomas d’Aquin, constitue une référence majeure de la théologie catholique et de la philosophie chrétienne. Écrite entre 1265 et 1273, elle dépasse largement le but qu’elle se fixait : présenter la doctrine sacrée aux débutants en théologie. Divisée en trois parties, elle traite de la façon dont les créatures procèdent de Dieu, du mouvement de l’homme vers Dieu et du Christ comme chemin vers la vie éternelle.
Troisième partie — Le mystère de l'Incarnation. Les sacrements
Thomas Aquinas was an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of scholasticism, known as Doctor Angelicus and Doctor Communis.
He was the foremost classical proponent of natural theology, and the father of the Thomistic school of philosophy and theology. His influence on Western thought is considerable, and much of modern philosophy was conceived as a reaction against, or as an agreement with, his ideas, particularly in the areas of ethics, natural law and political theory.
The philosophy of Aquinas has exerted enormous influence on subsequent Christian theology, especially that of the Roman Catholic Church, extending to Western philosophy in general, where he stands as a vehicle and modifier of Aristotelianism, which he fused with the thought of Augustine.
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