Der Frage nach dem Gut- bzw. Schlechtsein menschlichen Handelns und den Folgen guter oder schlechter Taten hat Thomas von Aquin zentrale Kapitel seines Hauptwerkes "Summa theologiae" gewidmet. Seine Ausführungen über sittliches Handeln beanspruchen mehr als historisches Interesse - sie sind "über die Jahrhunderte hinweg immer im Stande gewesen, in dieses Thema einzuführen" (Robert Spaemann)
Thomas Aquinas was an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of scholasticism, known as Doctor Angelicus and Doctor Communis.
He was the foremost classical proponent of natural theology, and the father of the Thomistic school of philosophy and theology. His influence on Western thought is considerable, and much of modern philosophy was conceived as a reaction against, or as an agreement with, his ideas, particularly in the areas of ethics, natural law and political theory.
The philosophy of Aquinas has exerted enormous influence on subsequent Christian theology, especially that of the Roman Catholic Church, extending to Western philosophy in general, where he stands as a vehicle and modifier of Aristotelianism, which he fused with the thought of Augustine.
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