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Michael S. Horton
Aquinas goes further than the Protestant Reformers in stressing the need for grace. While the Reformers held that human nature as created was capable intrinsically of fulfilling its vocation, Thomas insists that even before the fall Adam and Eve required supernatural grace in order to obey in genuine love.39 It will therefore not do for Protestant critics to declaim medieval (and contemporary Roman Catholic) theology as having a “weak view of grace,” full-stop. Rather, it had a different view of grace—primarily as an infused substance to restore original justice (i.e., mastery of the lower self by the higher self) and assist the soul to cooperate toward final beatitude.
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