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Fyodor Dostoevsky

Fyodor Dostoevsky


Fyodor Mikhaylovich Dostoyevsky was a Russian writer, essayist and philosopher, perhaps most recognized today for his novels Crime and Punishment and The Brothers Karamazov.

Dostoyevsky's literary output explores human psychology in the troubled political, social and spiritual context of 19th-century Russian society. Considered by many as a founder or precursor of 20th-century existentialism, his Notes from Underground (1864), written in the embittered voice of the anonymous "underground man", was called by Walter Kaufmann the "best overture for existentialism ever written."

His tombstone reads "Verily, Verily, I say unto you, Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone: but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit." from John 12:24, which is also the epigraph of his final novel, The Brothers Karamazov.
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Aun en el caso de las razas del perro doméstico del mundo entero, que admito que descienden de diversas especies salvajes, no puede dudarse que ha habido una cantidad inmensa de variaciones hereditarias, pues ¿quién creerá que animales que se pareciesen mucho al galgo italiano, al bloodhound, al bull-dog, al pug-dog o al spaniel Blenheim, etc. -tan distintos de todos los cánidos salvajes- existieron alguna vez en estado natural?
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Se sabe que después de haber amputado dedos a un hombre han aparecido uñas imperfectas en los muñones, y lo mismo podría creer yo que estos vestigios de uñas se han desarrollado para excretar materia córnea, que creer que las uñas rudimentarias de la aleta del manatí se han desarrollado con este mismo fin.
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Así podemos creer que el antepasado de la foca no poseyó aletas, sino patas con cinco dedos adecuados para andar o coger, y podemos además aventurarnos a creer que los diversos huesos en las extremidades del mono, caballo y murciélago se desarrollaron primitivamente, según el principio de utilidad, probablemente por reducción de huesos, más numerosos en la aleta de algún remoto antepasado, común a toda la clase, semejante a un pez.
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Being lost and dead he had only to lie still, and was no longer obliged to wander through the pathless taiga. Otherwise, what would have been the point in getting lost? “We’ll go to the Great Toyon!” “And why should I go to him?” asked Makar. “To be judged,” said the priest sadly, and in a somewhat sentimental tone of voice. Makar remembered that indeed after death one is supposed to appear somewhere at a judgment. He had heard it in church. The priest was right; there was no help for it, and he would have to get up. And so he rose, grumbling that there was no rest for a body even after death.
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At one point, in the east, the mists grew lighter and were clad in gold, like warriors. Then the mists swayed, and the golden warriors bent low. From behind them the sun rose, settled upon the gilt mountain ridges and beamed upon the plain, flooding it with its dazzling brilliance. And the mists now soared triumphantly in a glorious ring, broke up in the west and, fluttering, drifted off into the heights above. Makar thought that he heard a marvelous song. It was the very hymn with which the earth greeted the rising sun every day. Only Makar had not paid attention to it before, and this was the first time in all his life that he realized how beautiful the song was. He stood still listening to it, and refused to go any farther. He could stand there forever listening to it
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Sucede lo que los médicos dicen del tísico: que al principio su mal es difícil reconocer, pero fácil de curar, mientras que, con el transcurso del tiempo, al no haber sido conocido ni atajado, se vuelve fácil de conocer, pero difícil de curar.
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(In the Soviet Union, it was forbidden to celebrate Christmas. In order to keep the much beloved custom of the Christmas Tree—and oneself—alive, the New Year’s tree was born.)
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Todo cambio de conformación y función que pueda efectuarse por pequeños grados está bajo el poder de la selección natural; de manera que un órgano que por el cambio de costumbres se ha vuelto inútil o perjudicial para un objeto, puede modificarse y ser utilizado para otro. Un órgano pudo también conservarse para una sola de sus antiguas funciones. Órganos primitivamente formados con el auxilio de la selección natural pueden muy bien, al volverse inútiles, ser variables, pues sus variaciones ya no pueden seguir siendo refrenadas por la selección natural.
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Nuestro Chimborazo es Montmartre, nuestro Himalaya es el Mont-Valerien, nuestro gran desierto es la llanura de Grenelle, en que hay algún que otro pozo para que las caravanas encuentren agua.
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Afterward I could not help admiring the discrimination of the host and hostess in the distribution of the children’s presents. The little girl, who had already a portion of three hundred thousand rubles, received the costliest doll. Then followed presents diminishing in value in accordance with the rank of the parents of these happy children; finally, the child of lowest degree, a thin, freckled, red-haired little boy of ten, got nothing but a book of stories about the marvels of nature and tears of devotion, etc., without pictures or even woodcuts. He was the son of a poor widow, the governess of the children of the house, an oppressed and scared little boy. He was dressed in a short jacket of inferior nankeen. After receiving his book he walked around the other toys for a long time; he longed to play with the other children, but did not dare; it was evident that he already felt and understood his position. I
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Let me speak at last,” she said. “For myself personally, I can’t conceive of love without family life. I am lonely, lonely as the moon in the sky, and a waning moon, too, and whatever you may say, I am convinced, I feel that this waning can only be restored by love in its ordinary sense. It seems to me that such love would define my duties, my work, make clear my conception of life. I want from love peace in soul, tranquility; I want the very opposite of musk, and spiritualism, and fin de siècle … in short”—she grew embarrassed—”a husband and children.
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¿Sigues rogando a Dios, Rodia, crees en la misericordia de nuestro Creador y de nuestro Salvador? Sentiría en el alma que te hubieras contaminado de esa enfermedad de moda que se llama ateísmo. Si es así, piensa que ruego por ti. Acuérdate, querido, de cuando eras niño; entonces, en presencia de tu padre, que aún vivía, tú balbuceabas tus oraciones sentado en mis rodillas. Y todos éramos felices
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paraliza en los sueños: quiero gritar y no puedo; trato de moverme y no puedo; con angustiosos esfuerzos y jadeante, trato de liberarme, de rechazar ese ser que me aplasta y me asfixia, ¡pero no puedo! Y de pronto, me despierto enloquecido y cubierto de sudor. Enciendo una bujía. Estoy solo.
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Stop, or I’ll shoot!” cried the soldier. The fugitive, without stopping, turned his head and called out something evidently abusive or blasphemous. “Damn you!” shouted the soldier, who put one foot a little forward and stopped, after which, bending his head over his rifle, and raising his right hand, he rapidly adjusted something, took aim, and, pointing the gun in the direction of the fugitive, probably fired, although no sound was heard. “Smokeless powder, no doubt,” thought the young Tsar, and looking after the fleeing man saw him take a few hurried steps, and bending lower and lower, fall to the ground and crawl on his hands and knees. At last he remained lying and did not move. The other fugitive, who was ahead of him, turned around and ran back to the man who was lying on the ground. He did something for him and then resumed his flight. “What does all this mean?” asked the Tsar. “These are the guards on the frontier, enforcing the revenue laws. That man was killed to protect the revenues of the State.” “Has he actually been killed?
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Andrei Khrisanfitch returned to his room to smoke a little till there was another ring at the door, and Yefimya ceased speaking, subsided, and wiped her eyes, though her lips were still quivering. She was very much frightened of him—oh, how frightened of him! She trembled and was reduced to terror by the sound of his steps, by the look in his eyes, and dared not utter a word in his presence.
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Pero a partir de hoy mi vida, toda mi vida, independientemente de lo que pueda pasar, no será ya irrazonable, no carecerá de sentido como hasta ahora, sino que en todos y en cada uno de sus momentos poseerá el sentido indudable del bien, que yo soy dueño de infundir en ella.»
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La victoria completa se produce cuando el ejército no lucha, la ciudad no es asediada, la destrucción no se prolonga durante mucho tiempo, y en cada caso el enemigo es vencido por el empleo de la estrategia. Así pues, la regla de la utilización de la fuerza es la siguiente: si tus fuerzas son diez veces superiores a las del adversario, rodéalo; si son cinco veces superiores, atácalo; si son dos veces superiores, divídelo. Si tus fuerzas son iguales en número, lucha si te es posible. Si tus fuerzas son inferiores, manténte continuamente en guardia, pues el más pequeño fallo te acarrearía las peores consecuencias. Trata de mantenerte al abrigo y evita en lo posible un enfrentamiento abierto con él; la prudencia y la firmeza de un pequeño número de personas pueden llegar a cansar y a dominar incluso a numerosos ejércitos.
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El elefante es considerado como el animal que se reproduce más despacio de todos los conocidos, y me he tomado el trabajo de calcular la progresión mínima probable de su aumento natural; será lo más seguro admitir que empieza a criar a los treinta años, y que continúa criando hasta los noventa, produciendo en este intervalo seis hijos, y que sobrevive hasta los cien años; y siendo así, después de un período de 740 a 750 años habría aproximadamente diez y nueve millones de elefantes vivos descendientes de la primera pareja.
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–Adoro los placeres sencillos –dijo lord Henry–. Son el último refugio de las almas complicadas.
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Me pregunto quién definió al hombre como animal racional. Fue la definición más prematura que se ha dado nunca. El hombre es muchas cosas, pero no racional.
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