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Martin Luther

Martin Luther


Martin Luther changed the course of Western civilization by initiating the Protestant Reformation. As a priest and theology professor, he confronted indulgence salesmen with his 95 Theses in 1517. Luther strongly disputed their claim that freedom from God's punishment of sin could be purchased with money. His refusal to retract all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms meeting in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the pope and condemnation as an outlaw by the emperor.

Luther taught that salvation is a free gift of God and received only by grace through faith in Jesus as redeemer from sin, not from good works. His theology challenged the authority of the pope of the Roman Catholic Church by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood.

His translation of the Bible into the language of the people (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, causing a tremendous impact on the church and on German culture. It fostered the development of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of translation, and influenced the translation into English of the King James Bible. His hymns inspired the development of singing in churches. His marriage to Katharina von Bora set a model for the practice of clerical marriage, allowing Protestant priests to marry.
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To put it more plainly, suppose a small group of earnest Christian laymen were taken prisoner and settled in the middle of the desert without any episcopally ordained priest among them; and they then agreed to choose one of themselves, whether married or not, and endow him with the office of baptizing, administering the sacrament, pronouncing absolution, and preaching; that man would be as truly a priest as if he had been ordained by all the bishops and the popes.
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Heretics ought to be persuaded by argument, and not by fire; and this was the way of the early Fathers.
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Allein Gott ist ein Sünder und sonst niemand; alle Menschen sind dagegen gerecht und Alles. Allein der Vater ist ohnmächtig und machtlos; denn die Menschen sind gewaltig und mächtig, als die Tyrannen, welchen Gott nicht widerstehen kann. Allein der Sohn ist ein Narr; denn die Menschen sind klug und weise, als die Ketzer, welchen der Sohn nicht kann antworten. Allein der heilige Geist ist gottlos; denn die Menschen sind gottfürchtig; wie sich denn also die falschen Brüder auch stellen, und ihnen der heilige Geist nicht kann genug tun für ihre Sünde. Also wird Gottes Kraft stark in Schwachheit, die in unsrer Stärke und Macht schwach wird. Darum so lasset uns gerne in uns selbst schwach sein, auf dass wir in Gott stark werden.
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Ne zaman bir sakıncadan kaçmaya çalışsak bir başkasına düşeriz; ama sağduyu, sakıncaların niteliklerini tanımayı ve en az kötüyü iyi olarak seçmeyi bilmek demektir.
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Faith is Individual
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Bizony, kedves kisleánykám, a lélek kész, de a test erőtlen. – És elfordulván, ezt mondta: – Nagyon szeretem őt. Ha ilyen erős a test, milyen lehet a lélek?
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Those who wish to
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Se concluye de esto que todo el que no quiera vencer no tiene más que servirse de esas tropas, muchísimo más peligrosas que las mercenarias, porque están perfectamente unidas y obedecen ciegamente a sus jefes, con lo cual la ruina es inmediata; mientras que las mercenarias, para someter al príncipe, una vez que han triunfado, necesitan esperar tiempo y ocasión, pues no constituyen un cuerpo unido y, por añadidura, están a sueldo del príncipe. En
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Estas tropas pueden ser útiles y buenas para sus amos, pero para quien las llama son casi siempre funestas; pues
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Los medios que ofrece son de características bien distintas: la religión, rodearse de personas de talento, usar sicarios para las tareas impopulares, llevar a cabo empresas grandes y vistosas, etc. En cualquier caso es imprescindible la seducción por la apariencia, aunque implique manipulación de la realidad y de la opinión de los súbditos. Sólo por este camino el príncipe se autoproduce las condiciones necesarias para legitimar su dominación, sin esperar a que éstas emanen de una espontánea voluntad legitimante de los súbditos25.
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For Fortune is a woman who to be kept under must be beaten and roughly handled; and we see that she suffers herself to be more readily mastered by those who so treat her than by those who are more timid in their approaches. And always, like a woman, she favours the young, because they are less scrupulous and fiercer, and command her with greater audacity. Chapter 26 An Exhortation to Liberate Italy from the Barbarians Turning over in my mind all the matters which have above been considered, and debating with myself whether in Italy at the present hour the times are such as might serve to
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Tuzakları tanımak için bir tilki, kurtları korkutmak için de aslan olmak gerekir.
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Dobre rady powinny wynikać z mądrości księcia, a nie mądrość księcia z dobrych rad
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A już taka natura ludzka, że jednakowo zobowiązują świadczone, jak i doznane dobrodziejstwa
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Przede wszystkim książę żyć powinien ze swoimi poddanymi w sposób taki, którego nie potrzebowałby zmieniać na skutek żadnego pomyślnego czy niepomyślnego wydarzenia. Gdy bowiem pozostawać będziesz pod przymusem czasów burzliwych, za późno będzie na wyrządzanie ludziom zła, a dobro, które wtedy wyświadczysz, na nic się przyda; będzie bowiem uważane za wymuszone, więc nie przyniesie ci żadnego uznania.
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The choosing of ministers is a very important matter for a ruler; whether or not they are good depends on whether he is shrewd. The first indications of the intelligence of a ruler are given by the quality of the men around him.
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Zło, poznane z daleka leczy się szybko, lecz gdy wskutek tego, że nie zostało rozpoznane, pozwala się na jego wzrost, tak że każdy je rozpozna, nie ma już lekarstwa
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Denn die Menschen sind so einfältig und so gewöhnt, den herrschenden Verhältnissen nachzugeben, dass der, welcher betrügen will, immer Leute findet, welche sich betrügen lassen.
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Lo que considera un error es que la política se piense idealizándola contra la evidencia empírica a costa de supeditarla rígidamente a las normas y valores cristianos.
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Digo, pues, que las tropas con que un príncipe defiende sus Estados son propias, mercenarias, auxiliares o mixtas. Las mercenarias y auxiliares son inútiles y peligrosas; y
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