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Martin Luther

Martin Luther


Martin Luther changed the course of Western civilization by initiating the Protestant Reformation. As a priest and theology professor, he confronted indulgence salesmen with his 95 Theses in 1517. Luther strongly disputed their claim that freedom from God's punishment of sin could be purchased with money. His refusal to retract all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms meeting in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the pope and condemnation as an outlaw by the emperor.

Luther taught that salvation is a free gift of God and received only by grace through faith in Jesus as redeemer from sin, not from good works. His theology challenged the authority of the pope of the Roman Catholic Church by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood.

His translation of the Bible into the language of the people (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, causing a tremendous impact on the church and on German culture. It fostered the development of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of translation, and influenced the translation into English of the King James Bible. His hymns inspired the development of singing in churches. His marriage to Katharina von Bora set a model for the practice of clerical marriage, allowing Protestant priests to marry.
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Przede wszystkim książę żyć powinien ze swoimi poddanymi w sposób taki, którego nie potrzebowałby zmieniać na skutek żadnego pomyślnego czy niepomyślnego wydarzenia. Gdy bowiem pozostawać będziesz pod przymusem czasów burzliwych, za późno będzie na wyrządzanie ludziom zła, a dobro, które wtedy wyświadczysz, na nic się przyda; będzie bowiem uważane za wymuszone, więc nie przyniesie ci żadnego uznania.
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The choosing of ministers is a very important matter for a ruler; whether or not they are good depends on whether he is shrewd. The first indications of the intelligence of a ruler are given by the quality of the men around him.
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Zło, poznane z daleka leczy się szybko, lecz gdy wskutek tego, że nie zostało rozpoznane, pozwala się na jego wzrost, tak że każdy je rozpozna, nie ma już lekarstwa
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To get a better grasp of the problem, we have to ask: is the leader introducing the changes relying on his own resources, or does he depend on other people’s support; that is, does he have to beg help to achieve his goals, or can he impose them? If he’s begging help, he’s bound to fail and will get nowhere. But if he’s got his own resources and can impose his plans, then it’s unlikely he’ll be running serious risks. This is why the visionary who has armed force on his side has always won through, while unarmed even your visionary is always a loser. Because on top of everything else, we must remember that the general public’s mood will swing. It’s easy to convince people of something, but hard to keep them convinced. So when they stop believing in you, you must be in a position to force them to believe.
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Die Menschen sind undankbar, unbeständig, heuchlerisch, furchtsam und eigennützig.
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Las tropas auxiliares, otras de las tropas inútiles de que he hablado, son aquellas que se piden a un príncipe poderoso para que nos socorra y defienda, tal
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Existem duas formas de se combater: uma, pelas leis; outra, pela força. A primeira é própria do homem; a segunda, dos animais.
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quien promueve el que otro se convierta en poderoso labra su ruina, porque ese poder lo ha provocado o con la astucia o con la fuerza, y tanto la una como la otra resultan sospechosas al que se ha convertido en poderoso.
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Es esa perspectiva realista la que le obliga a concluir que un príncipe no debe actuar de forma invariable, siempre guiado por unos principios morales inamovibles e idénticos para cualquier situación, más bien debe tener como único principio conseguir el beneficio de su Estado como un todo mediante la eliminación de la corrupción del sistema, aunque para ello tenga que usar «hipócritamente» la religión o conculcar sus preceptos cuando lo exija la situación.
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príncipe cuyo gobierno descanse en soldados mercenarios no estará nunca seguro ni tranquilo, porque están desunidos, porque son ambiciosos, desleales, valientes entre los amigos, pero cobardes cuando se encuentran frente a los enemigos; porque no tienen disciplina, como tienen temor de Dios ni buena fe con los hombres; de modo que no se difiere la ruina sino mientras se difiere la ruptura; y
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سرشت بشر چنان است که همان اندازه با نکویی دیدن از دیگران منّت می‌پذیرد که هنگام نکویی کردن منّت می‌گذارد.
topics: politics  
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چون مردم از شهریاری که چشم آزار دیدن از وی دارند نیکی ببینند، بیشتر شکرگزارِ نعمتش خواهند شد و به و سرسپرده‌تر از شهریاری خواهند بود که می‌توانست به یاریِ ایشان به پادشاهی رسد.
topics: politics  
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[...]L'homme qui en toutes choses veut faire profession de bonté se ruine inéluctablement parmi tant d'hommes qui n'ont aucune bonté.
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El príncipe no ha de tener otro objeto, ni abrigar otro propósito, ni cultivar otro arte, que el que enseña, el orden y la disciplina de los ejércitos, porque es el único que se espera ver ejercido por el que manda.
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پرهیز از جنگ هرگز نمی‌باید مایۀ گسستن رشتۀ کارها شود. زیرا گریز از جنگ چه بسا واپس انداختنِ آن به سودِ حریف باشد.
topics: politics  
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مردم را یا باید نواخت یا فروکوفت.
topics: politics  
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...the armor of others is too wide, or too strait for us; it falls off us, or it weighs is down.
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that those men who at the commencement of a principality have been hostile, if they really need assistance to support themselves, can always be turned into supporters with the greatest ease. They will be tightly bound to serve the prince faithfully because they know it is very necessary for them through their actions to change the bad opinion which the prince had formed of them. Thus the prince always extracts more profit from them than from those who serving him in too much security, may neglect his affairs.
topics: negotiation , power  
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The Prince before its first legal publication in English in 1640,
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مردم همواره با تو ناراست‌اند، مگر آن‌که ناگزیر از راستی باشند.
topics: politics  
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